All of us have to know steel. It’s used by us with your everyday activity. But ever thought about the way to produce it? And just what should it decide to try produce it? Basically the steel is produced in the big factory in fact it is cooked within a giant stove called furnace. And also the cooking itself takes numerous ingredients inside it.
The Blast Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace methods will be the two major methods for producing iron and steel products. Scrap melting may be the major process utilizing Electric Arc Furnaces. Recently, industry competition has grown to be increasingly intense, elevating the necessity for an infinitely more efficient melting process. Capacities in the transformers are receiving larger and electric furnaces are increasing larger worldwide. Within this manufacturing environment, graphite materials which have durability for larger-power operation are required much more for that use as Graphite Electrode (GE).
GE are produced from carbon. Carbon is a nonmetal element by having an atomic amount of 6 and also the atomic symbol “C”. Carbon is the base of organic chemistry, closely associated with organic matter and life activity. Manufacturing excellent graphite electrodes requires quality materials which might be strictly selected.
Graphite carries a higher heat transfer rating, resistance to higher temperatures, and has more strength against thermal shock than other materials. Moreover, it excels in machinability in order to meet the needs for the broader range of dimensions. Thus, graphite may be the optimum material for scrap-melting electrodes.
GE can be consumed at high temperatures due to the reaction with oxygen for being CO, CO2. The oxidation of electrodes starts at 500oC and accelerates its speed at 800oC (in the furnace). Utilization of graphite electrodes by sublimation occurs at 3400o. The speed of sublimation is proportional to the increase of current density.
Meanwhile, utilization of quality GE leads to contributions to saving energy and environmental conservation. Electric arc furnaces, using the main aim of recycling steel scraps, promote reuse of steel products.
Production organization of graphite electrodes could be divided as 10 stages the following:
Raw material transporting
Kneading
Extruding
Baking
Pitch Impregnation
Re-Baking
Graphitization
Machining
Inspection
Shipment
The conventional sizes for graphite electrodes come from diameter 10″ (inch) to 30″(inch) and from period of 60″(inch) to 110″(inch). The weights are starting from 123 Kgs (10″ x 60″) to 2060 Kgs (30″ x 110″).
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